Bangkok History in brief
The history of Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, dates at least to the early 15th century, when it was under the rule of Ayutthaya. Before it became Bangkok, the area was known as Bang Makok (บางมะกอก) or Bang Makok Nok (บางมะกอกนอก). The name “Bang Makok” referred to a village situated along the Chao Phraya River, where wild plum (makok) trees were abundant.
Outstanding Location
Due to its strategic location near the mouth of the Chao Phraya River, the town gradually increased in importance, and after the fall of Ayutthaya King Taksin established his new capital of Thonburi there, on the river’s west bank. Bangkok was announced as capital city in 1782 by King Phutthayotfa Chulalok or King Rama I, who succeeded King Taksin .
The founder of new capital city
King Rama I made the Grand Palace as a residential and royal office. The center city was inside the city wall. People live around the main canal and not far from city moats and the fortress. The city was small due to less number of populations. The most convenient way to navigate around was water way or canal
“Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Ayuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Piman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit”
When Bangkok become modernize?
During the 19th and 20th centuries, Bangkok continued to develop and modernize. The city saw significant changes, including the construction of infrastructure, expansion of the urban area, and the incorporation of Western influences. In 1949, Siam officially changed its name to Thailand, and Bangkok became the capital of the newly named country. The city has since played a central role in Thailand’s political, economic, and cultural life.
See Bangkok in the pass
Bangkok has changed gradually in the last 100 years. It has since undergone tremendous changes, growing rapidly, especially in the second half of the 20th century, to become the primate city of Thailand. It was the centre of Siam’s modernization in the late 19th century, subjected to Allied bombing during the Second World War, and has long been the modern nation’s central political stage, with numerous uprisings and coups d’état having taken place on its streets throughout the years. People custom, lifestyle, house, communities, and mode of transportation have changed dramatically. There are old films made in 1930s-1950s by foreign visitors, which is quite interesting to see how Bangkok and Thailand look like in the pass.
What Bangkok is like in the pass?
Bangkok has grown from a small trading outpost to a bustling and vibrant metropolis. Today, it remains the heart of Thailand’s cultural heritage and a dynamic city that blends ancient traditions with modernity. As one of the most visited cities in the world, Bangkok attracts millions of tourists each year, who come to experience its rich history, diverse culture, and vibrant atmosphere.
Let’s turn to clock back and see Thailand in the old day via interesting video.
Siam High Society in 1919
In 1919, Siam was undergoing a period of significant transformation and modernization. The country was ruled by King Rama VI (King Vajiravudh), who was known for his efforts to modernize Siam and adapt it to the changing global landscape. King Rama VI, who was educated in Europe and had a deep admiration for Western cultures, introduced many Western elements to Siamese society. European etiquette and customs were adopted in the royal court and among the elite.
This video presents the gesture and proper manner of high ranking Siam people when they visit someone’s house. It is possible that the main lady in the film was the King’s consort or a princess. When the Siamese meet to a superior ranking person, they always keep their head lower than the dignitaries. That’s why they crawled and bent down to talk. They also show how to chew betel nut. There was traditional Thai music on the background. Another highlight was showing how to dress Joong Kra Ben, traditional pants made of one fabric.
But hey, don’t worry and be afraid to visit Thailand. Those gesture and manner are no longer practicing.
This period, Thai followed western fashions, including European-style clothing, became fashionable among the upper classes in Siam. The high society embraced elements of Western lifestyle, such as dining at European-style restaurants and attending social events in Western manners. The early 20th century saw the rise of a growing middle class in Siam. With increasing economic opportunities and access to education, the middle class began to play a more significant role in society and politics.
Siam to Korea Trip
King Rama VII ascended to the throne in 1925, succeeding his brother King Vajiravudh (King Rama VI). He was the last absolute monarch and the first constitutional monarch of Siam. The Siamese Revolution of 1932 brought significant changes to the country’s political system. In June 1932, a group of military officers and civil servants staged a bloodless coup, leading to the transition from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. King Prajadhipok signed a new constitution that granted the people more political rights.
Bangkok during 1930s
During the 1930s, Siam was gradually moving towards economic development and modernization. Efforts were made to promote trade and industry, and infrastructure projects were initiated to improve transportation and communication. Bangkok was a vibrant city with a rich cultural heritage. Temples, palaces, and historical landmarks were well-preserved and celebrated. The city’s social life was characterized by traditional customs and cultural practices.
In 1931, Bangkok was not as urbanized as it is today. The city’s urban development was focused on the area around the Grand Palace and Rattanakosin Island, where many historical landmarks and government buildings were located.
The Video name Siam to Korea by A James A. Fitzpatrick , Traveltalk was really interesting to see Siam in 1931. (in my opinion, it look a lot older than 1931. It might be 1901-1910 ). They came to Siam by boat and continue trip to Bangkok by train. During the trip they saw a Chinese junk boat (It was famous transportation between Thailand and China during 1800-1860s). They shot the video at the small community which looks like a Chinese immigrant group. The explanation of Siam was including the all kinds of agricultural products we plaint.
You will see the Anantasamakom throne hall, marble temples, the Grand palace and temple of dawn which still look the same as now today. They explain shortly about the Buddhism which is the national religion as well. This Video tells us a lot about Bangkok in the past. It has changed a lot these days
Siam History in 1937
Siam had transitioned from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy in 1932. The Siamese Revolution of 1932, led by a group of military officers and civil servants, resulted in the abolition of absolute monarchy and the establishment of a constitutional system. King Prajadhipok, also known as Rama VII, was the reigning monarch in 1937. He ascended to the throne in 1925 and was the last absolute monarch and the first constitutional monarch of Siam. During his reign, he faced challenges in balancing the power between the monarchy and the emerging political forces.
In 1937, Siam was also affected by international events. World War II was on the horizon, and there were concerns about how global conflicts could impact the country. Siam declared its neutrality during the early stages of the war but later aligned with Japan, which occupied Thailand during the war. Siam was undergoing social and economic development during this period. Modernization efforts were ongoing, and infrastructure projects were being implemented to improve transportation and communication across the country.
There was an emphasis on education and the promotion of a national identity during this time. The government encouraged the use of the Thai language and promoted cultural and national pride. In 1939, Siam officially changed its name to Thailand, meaning “Land of the Free,” to emphasize its national identity and distinctiveness from colonial powers in Southeast Asia.
We have a video here , which is in color and in good quality. There are views of Hua Lamphong, The Grand Palace , Thai dance and Bangkok canal. The Thai dance was different from what we saw now a day since all dance put white color on their face which is similar to Japan or Burma. However, the dance itself is in traditional Thai style. Back then, there was not much car on the street. You can see the rickshaw service by the old Chinese man rather than motorcycle taxi. You can see tram ran pass the Hualamphong railway station. The busiest mode of transport was in the waterway. There was boat selling all kinds of fruits, and goods. This must has been the shadow of Floating market now a day.
Thailand – The Big picture
The 1960s were a significant decade in Thailand’s history, marked by political changes, social transformations, and economic development. The decade saw several changes in government and political instability. Multiple coups and changes in leadership occurred during this time, leading to shifts in power and governance.
The 1960s saw military leaders taking control of the government through coup d'états. General Sarit Thanarat led one of the most influential military regimes during this period. The military government aimed to bring stability and suppress communist activities. Despite the political uncertainties, Thailand experienced significant economic growth during the 1960s. The government implemented economic policies that promoted industrialization, modernization, and export-oriented industries, particularly in agriculture and textiles.
The government implemented land reform programs to address issues of land inequality and promote agricultural productivity. These reforms aimed to provide land to small-scale farmers and alleviate rural poverty. Thailand actively participated in regional and international affairs during the 1960s. The country joined the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) and played a role in the Cold War era. Social norms were evolving in Thailand during the 1960s. There was increased urbanization and exposure to global influences, leading to shifts in lifestyle and cultural practices.
During this period, there was a renewed interest in Thai culture and traditions. Efforts were made to preserve and promote traditional arts, dance, and music.Tourism began to emerge as a significant industry during this decade. Thailand’s natural beauty, cultural attractions, and friendly atmosphere attracted increasing numbers of international tourists.
This video show here made around 1960s by the Department of defense, U.S Army to understand Thailand in brief. In my opinion it was like a government project to request fund raising to help Thailand. The video explains Thailand situation during the cold war. It showed the relationship between Thai and US military as well as US support in public health, transportation and communication.
Old Bangkok 63 years ago (1960s)
The 1960s witnessed a rapid increase in urbanization, with more people moving to Bangkok in search of better economic opportunities. This urban migration led to the expansion of the city and the development of new urban areas. Bangkok saw significant investments in infrastructure during the 1960s. Roads, bridges, and transportation networks were improved, facilitating movement within the city and connecting it with other regions of Thailand.
The decade marked the rise of modern architecture in Bangkok. Skyscrapers and modern buildings started to dot the city's skyline, transforming the urban landscape. Bangkok's economic growth mirrored that of the country. The city became a center for commerce, trade, and industry, attracting businesses and investment.
There was an emphasis on education and the promotion of a national identity during this time. The government encouraged the use of the Thai language and promoted cultural and national pride. In 1939, Siam officially changed its name to Thailand, meaning “Land of the Free,” to emphasize its national identity and distinctiveness from colonial powers in Southeast Asia.
During this period, Thailand was navigating its way through political changes, modernization, and the challenges of a rapidly changing world. The events and decisions made during 1937 and the subsequent years would shape Thailand’s trajectory and position as a sovereign nation in the world community.
We have a video here , which is in color and in good quality. There are views of Hua Lamphong, The Grand Palace , Thai dance and Bangkok canal. The Thai dance was different from what we saw now a day since all dance put white color on their face which is similar to Japan or Burma. However, the dance itself is in traditional Thai style. Back then, there was not much car on the street. You can see the rickshaw service by the old Chinese man rather than motorcycle taxi. You can see tram ran pass the Hualamphong railway station. The busiest mode of transport was in the waterway. There was boat selling all kinds of fruits, and goods. This must has been the shadow of Floating market now a day.
Elephant at work in the Jungle
A hundred years ago, Bangkok was not as urbanized as it is today, and much of the surrounding areas were covered by jungles and forests. In the early 20th century, elephants were commonly used as working animals in various parts of Thailand, including the jungle areas around Bangkok.
Elephants were utilized in the logging industry to transport felled trees from the dense jungle to more accessible locations. They were strong and capable of navigating through rugged terrain, making them ideal for hauling heavy timber. In areas with challenging terrain, elephants were used to carry goods and people through the jungle. They provided a reliable mode of transportation, especially in areas where conventional vehicles could not access.
This video has nothing to do with Bangkok history directly. The black and white movie show elephants and local people work in the jungle to bring the timber to somewhere. I guessed they were about to bring wood to the city. It was very labor intensive and hard work. Even a century ago, elephants were occasionally used in the tourism industry to offer rides and perform tricks for visitors. Now a day, elephants still serve the tours which are much easier. Thailand has made efforts to promote responsible and sustainable elephant tourism and conservation practices to protect these endangered creatures and their natural habitats.
Even Bangkok has changed a lot. However, some old Bangkok Communities , Palace, Temple, and Bangkok canal are reflection of the pass. It was not the same, but the old spirit and culture still here.
Thank you all of those who upload cool videos to YouTube. It is truly enjoyment. I hope you enjoy the movie as I did, and I am looking forward to hearing or reading comment from you.
